Golang_interface接口
接口的定义比较抽象,但是如果想象实际的物体就比较好理解了
比如USb接口,和很多手机都可以相接。
可以说接口形成了一种规范。
实例1
package main
import "fmt"
//声明一个接口
type Usb interface{
//声明两个方法
Start()
Stop()
}
type Phone struct{
}
type Camoro struct{
}
func (p Phone) Start(){
fmt.Println("手机工作...")
}
func (p Phone) Stop(){
fmt.Println("手机停止工作...")
}
func (c Camoro)Start(){
fmt.Println("相机工作...")
}
func (c Camoro)Stop(){
fmt.Println("相机停止工作...")
}
type Computer struct{
}
//编写Work方法接受Usb接口类型的变量
//只要是实现了USB接口，所谓实现USB接口,就是指实现了USB接口声明的所有方法
func (co Computer) work(usb Usb){
usb.Start()
usb.Stop()
}
func main(){
computer := Computer{}
phone := Phone{}
camoro := Camoro{}
computer.work(phone)
computer.work(camoro)
}
上面的实例首先定义了两个结构体和USb接口,通过结构体和Usb接口的联系输出。
比较抽象
实例2
type Usb interface{
Say()
}
type Student struct{
}
func (stu *Student)Say(){
fmt.Println("Say...")
}
func main(){
var stu Student
var u Usb = &stu
u.Say()
fmt.Println(u)
}
上面实例通过指针类型传值
在Go的底层指针都有优化
实例3
package main
import "fmt"
type Monkey struct{
name string
}
func (m *Monkey)climbing(){
fmt.Println(m.name,"会爬树")
}
type littleMonkey struct{
Monkey
}
type bird interface{
flying()
}
func (b *Monkey)flying(){
fmt.Println(b.name,"会飞")
}
type fish interface{
swimming()
}
func (f *Monkey)swimming(){
fmt.Println(f.name,"会游泳")
}
func main(){
monkey := littleMonkey{
Monkey{
name : "孙悟空",
},
}
monkey.climbing()
monkey.swimming()
monkey.flying()
}
示例4
/**
* @Author QY
* @Email 80013593@qq.com
* @Description //聚合支付,策略模式
* @Date 9:32 AM 8/14/23
* @Param
* @return
**/
func test() {
payRequest := request.PayRequest{}
payment := NewPayment(&WxPay{
&wxpay.PaymentConf{
AppId: "wx1323234343434",
NotifyURL: "weixin.notifyURL.com",
},
})
payment.Pay(payRequest)
fmt.Println()
apay := NewPayment(&AliPay{
&alipay.PaymentConf{
AppId: "al1323234343434",
NotifyURL: "ali.notifyURL.com",
},
})
apay.Pay(payRequest)
}
type Context struct {
strategy PaymentStrategy
}
type PaymentStrategy interface {
//订单支付
OrderPayment(payRequest request.PayRequest)
//订单退款
OrderRefund(payRequest request.PayRequest)
//根据订单查看支付状态
OrderQueryByOrderNo(payRequest request.PayRequest)
}
func NewPayment(strategy PaymentStrategy) *Context {
return &Context{
strategy: strategy,
}
}
func (p *Context) Pay(payRequest request.PayRequest) {
p.strategy.OrderPayment(payRequest)
}
type WxPay struct {
*wxpay.PaymentConf
}
func (w *WxPay) OrderPayment(payRequest request.PayRequest) {
pay:=wxpay.WxPay{}
pay.OrderPayment(payRequest)
}
func (w *WxPay) OrderRefund(payRequest request.PayRequest) {
fmt.Printf("Refund %d元 to %s by WxPay", payRequest.OrderAmount, payRequest.OrderNo)
}
func (w *WxPay) OrderQueryByOrderNo(payRequest request.PayRequest) {
fmt.Printf("OrderNo %d元 to %s by WxPay", payRequest.OrderAmount, payRequest.OrderNo)
}
type AliPay struct {
*alipay.PaymentConf
}
func (a *AliPay) OrderPayment(payRequest request.PayRequest) {
fmt.Printf("Pay %d元 to %s by AliPay", payRequest.OrderAmount, payRequest.OrderNo)
}
func (a *AliPay) OrderRefund(payRequest request.PayRequest) {
fmt.Printf("Refund %d元 to %s by AliPay", payRequest.OrderAmount, payRequest.OrderNo)
}
func (a *AliPay) OrderQueryByOrderNo(payRequest request.PayRequest) {
fmt.Printf("OrderNo %d元 to %s by AliPay", payRequest.OrderAmount, payRequest.OrderNo)
}
由实例可知,接口是继承的补充。
接口可以说是完成了继承不可以做的事情
2 继承和接口区别
继承的价值在于代码的复用性,和可维护性
接口的价值在于设计
接口与继承更加灵活。
继承是实现is a的关系
接口实现的like a的关系
接口在一定程度上实现了代码的解耦
